That could definitely be a contributing factor. You should do a daily or twice daily water change if the tank isn't cycled. I you don't already have a test kit, then you should buy one ASAP. Check for ammonia and nitrites in the morning and at night. Since frogs have permeable skin, toxins in the water affect them quickly.
But if the other frog isn't showing signs of stress, then I would guess that there were other factors involved as well. Having a tank that isn't cycled probably stressed her enough that some pathogen took advantage of her lowered immune system.
Prime will bind ammonia, but only to a point. And frogs are notoriously messy eaters which causes ammonia to build up quickly.