Most canisters have flow control valves so you can keep the current at a minimum.
Sponge filters have no "power". They basically work on the basis of air bubbles within the filter "pull" clean water up from the middle of the sponge, while pressure pushes dirty water into the sponge. Their power is dependent on size, or surface area.
As far as filter media, everyone has their own preference. I only use lava rock. Have for about 10 years. I also never use any chemicals while cycling. I just let the tank cycle.
Cycling a tank is actually a very simple process. Just try not to over complicate it.
There is your whole problem "I hope it cycles quickly". Cycling a tank is NOT a quick process. It just takes patience. There is nothing you can do to speed it up. Just like humans, bacteria grow and reproduce at certain rates. So try to breathe, sit back, watch some tv, play some video games and let it do what it does. Prime will not interrupt the biological cycle. I will repeat this, because it seems you are not understanding how prime works. Prime will NOT interrupt the cycle. I use prime with every water change info and have ever done. It only helps your bio filter by binding with and removing the chlorine and chloramines in your water, which WOULD hinder the bio filter.
I would caution against treating preventatively. Doing so could cause the frogs to build an immunity towards the medication, rendering it useless if you ever do need it.