Give me a little time - I'm going to shoot the photo of the adult off to a friend of mine (Kyle Kandilian). As far as I'm concerned, if he doesn't know what species this is, no one will. He's usually pretty prompt to reply to me, but allow for a couple of days in case he's busy and doesn't have time to tend to his emails.
They will accept all of the above food items that you've mentioned. The term 'palmetto bug' can be applied to roaches but is most often used to describe the pest species (American cockroach, Periplaneta americana).
Cooked rice is fine, along with any other grain product. They should eagerly consume anything that you would otherwise offer to crickets or mealworms as food. Carrots, apples, cabbage, etc are all perfectly fine to feed as a moisture source.
Definitely not a giant burrowing cockroach or a beetle mimic...if it was the prior I'd be paying you to ship it to me LOL ; ) We'll see what Kyle says. Insect taxonomy can be pretty challenging, I work with identifying Tachinidae and various hymenoptera almost daily and to differentiate species it can take a lot of keying out and identification of characters under a dissecting microscope. Thankfully, roaches are a little larger and more dramatic in their individual morphologies, but being a species from the Philippines I cannot guarantee that anyone I know in North America can readily ID it on the spot without references.