Your camera looks fine for ID kinds of photos, you don't need the ability to resolve tiny details. It helps to know the key features to get in the picture though.

As far as finding frogs, once you've located a pond they're calling from the rest is patience. The first defence of most North American Frogs is to try not to be seen. If they think a threat is approaching they will remain motionless and silent until the threat is close and they feel flight is their best chance at survival. When moving in on calling frogs, when they go silent you should stop moving and wait patiently. During the breeding season they generally resume calling if you are still long enough. Then move closer and remain still again when the calling stops. Repeat until you are close enough to see the frog or have a good idea as to where they are. Often they'll be calling from under cover so can be hard to spot. It helps if you aren't afraid to get wet and get your eyes down to frog level.

You can also wait at a distance from where you hear frogs calling from. With calling usually comes fairly hilarious breeding antics, such as fending off competing males, that causes much splashing. This can help narrow locations down from a distance.

As to the nighttime thing- daytime can work as well. Green frogs call way more at night, but just a few days ago on a hot humid day I managed to photograph some Green Frogs calling in the middle of the afternoon.